Three Branches

The federal government is three branches, each with a distinct verb. Congress makes law. The President takes care that the laws be faithfully executed. Courts decide cases and controversies, including whether a law squares with the Constitution.

Congress itself is bicameral. The House has 435 voting members, apportioned by population, elected every two years. The Senate has 100 members, two from each state, elected to six-year terms. A bill generally needs both chambers and a presidential signature.

The President is elected every four years through the Electoral College, commands the armed forces, appoints judges and cabinet officers (with Senate advice and consent), and can veto legislation. The Supreme Court sits at nine justices unless Congress changes the number — it has, in the past.